生物医学决策涉及来自不同传感器或来自不同信道的多个信号处理。在这两种情况下，信息融合发挥着重要作用。在脑电图循环交替模式中，在这项工作中进行了深度学习的脑电图通道的特征级融合。通过两个优化算法，即遗传算法和粒子群优化优化了频道选择，融合和分类程序。通过融合来自多个脑电图信道的信息来评估开发的方法，用于夜间胸癫痫和没有任何神经疾病的患者的患者，与其他艺术艺术的工作相比，这在显着更具挑战性。结果表明，两种优化算法都选择了一种具有类似特征级融合的可比结构，包括三个脑电图通道，这与帽协议一致，以确保多个通道的唤起帽检测。此外，两种优化模型在接收器的工作特性曲线下达到了0.82的一个区域，平均精度为77％至79％，这是在专业协议的上部范围内的结果。尽管数据集是困难的数据集，所提出的方法仍处于最佳状态的上层，并且具有困难的数据集，并且具有在不需要任何手动过程的情况下提供全自动分析的优点。最终，模型显示出抗噪声和有弹性的多声道损耗。

We describe a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) that simulates the flow induced by the astronomical tide in a synthetic port channel, with dimensions based on the Santos - S\~ao Vicente - Bertioga Estuarine System. PINN models aim to combine the knowledge of physical systems and data-driven machine learning models. This is done by training a neural network to minimize the residuals of the governing equations in sample points. In this work, our flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations with some approximations. There are two main novelties in this paper. First, we design our model to assume that the flow is periodic in time, which is not feasible in conventional simulation methods. Second, we evaluate the benefit of resampling the function evaluation points during training, which has a near zero computational cost and has been verified to improve the final model, especially for small batch sizes. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the approximations used in the Navier-Stokes equations regarding the modeling of turbulence and how it interacts with PINNs.

Egocentric 3D human pose estimation with a single head-mounted fisheye camera has recently attracted attention due to its numerous applications in virtual and augmented reality. Existing methods still struggle in challenging poses where the human body is highly occluded or is closely interacting with the scene. To address this issue, we propose a scene-aware egocentric pose estimation method that guides the prediction of the egocentric pose with scene constraints. To this end, we propose an egocentric depth estimation network to predict the scene depth map from a wide-view egocentric fisheye camera while mitigating the occlusion of the human body with a depth-inpainting network. Next, we propose a scene-aware pose estimation network that projects the 2D image features and estimated depth map of the scene into a voxel space and regresses the 3D pose with a V2V network. The voxel-based feature representation provides the direct geometric connection between 2D image features and scene geometry, and further facilitates the V2V network to constrain the predicted pose based on the estimated scene geometry. To enable the training of the aforementioned networks, we also generated a synthetic dataset, called EgoGTA, and an in-the-wild dataset based on EgoPW, called EgoPW-Scene. The experimental results of our new evaluation sequences show that the predicted 3D egocentric poses are accurate and physically plausible in terms of human-scene interaction, demonstrating that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Chronic pain is a multi-dimensional experience, and pain intensity plays an important part, impacting the patients emotional balance, psychology, and behaviour. Standard self-reporting tools, such as the Visual Analogue Scale for pain, fail to capture this burden. Moreover, this type of tools is susceptible to a degree of subjectivity, dependent on the patients clear understanding of how to use it, social biases, and their ability to translate a complex experience to a scale. To overcome these and other self-reporting challenges, pain intensity estimation has been previously studied based on facial expressions, electroencephalograms, brain imaging, and autonomic features. However, to the best of our knowledge, it has never been attempted to base this estimation on the patient narratives of the personal experience of chronic pain, which is what we propose in this work. Indeed, in the clinical assessment and management of chronic pain, verbal communication is essential to convey information to physicians that would otherwise not be easily accessible through standard reporting tools, since language, sociocultural, and psychosocial variables are intertwined. We show that language features from patient narratives indeed convey information relevant for pain intensity estimation, and that our computational models can take advantage of that. Specifically, our results show that patients with mild pain focus more on the use of verbs, whilst moderate and severe pain patients focus on adverbs, and nouns and adjectives, respectively, and that these differences allow for the distinction between these three pain classes.

Current abstractive summarization systems present important weaknesses which prevent their deployment in real-world applications, such as the omission of relevant information and the generation of factual inconsistencies (also known as hallucinations). At the same time, automatic evaluation metrics such as CTC scores have been recently proposed that exhibit a higher correlation with human judgments than traditional lexical-overlap metrics such as ROUGE. In this work, we intend to close the loop by leveraging the recent advances in summarization metrics to create quality-aware abstractive summarizers. Namely, we propose an energy-based model that learns to re-rank summaries according to one or a combination of these metrics. We experiment using several metrics to train our energy-based re-ranker and show that it consistently improves the scores achieved by the predicted summaries. Nonetheless, human evaluation results show that the re-ranking approach should be used with care for highly abstractive summaries, as the available metrics are not yet sufficiently reliable for this purpose.

在本文中，我们研究了DRL算法在本地导航问题的应用，其中机器人仅配备有限​​量距离的外部感受传感器（例如LIDAR），在未知和混乱的工作区中朝着目标位置移动。基于DRL的碰撞避免政策具有一些优势，但是一旦他们学习合适的动作的能力仅限于传感器范围，它们就非常容易受到本地最小值的影响。由于大多数机器人在非结构化环境中执行任务，因此寻求能够避免本地最小值的广义本地导航政策，尤其是在未经训练的情况下，这是非常兴趣的。为此，我们提出了一种新颖的奖励功能，该功能结合了在训练阶段获得的地图信息，从而提高了代理商故意最佳行动方案的能力。另外，我们使用SAC算法来训练我们的ANN，这表明在最先进的文献中比其他人更有效。一组SIM到SIM和SIM到现实的实验表明，我们提出的奖励与SAC相结合的表现优于比较局部最小值和避免碰撞的方法。

自动面部识别是一个知名的研究领域。在该领域的最后三十年的深入研究中，已经提出了许多不同的面部识别算法。随着深度学习的普及及其解决各种不同问题的能力，面部识别研究人员集中精力在此范式下创建更好的模型。从2015年开始，最先进的面部识别就植根于深度学习模型。尽管有大规模和多样化的数据集可用于评估面部识别算法的性能，但许多现代数据集仅结合了影响面部识别的不同因素，例如面部姿势，遮挡，照明，面部表情和图像质量。当算法在这些数据集上产生错误时，尚不清楚哪些因素导致了此错误，因此，没有指导需要多个方向进行更多的研究。这项工作是我们以前在2014年开发的作品的后续作品，最终于2016年发表，显示了各种面部方面对面部识别算法的影响。通过将当前的最新技术与过去的最佳系统进行比较，我们证明了在强烈的遮挡下，某些类型的照明和强烈表达的面孔是深入学习算法所掌握的问题，而具有低分辨率图像的识别，极端的姿势变化和开放式识别仍然是一个开放的问题。为了证明这一点，我们使用六个不同的数据集和五种不同的面部识别算法以开源和可重现的方式运行一系列实验。我们提供了运行所有实验的源代码，这很容易扩展，因此在我们的评估中利用自己的深网只有几分钟的路程。

整数线性编程（ILP）提供了一种可行的机制，可以用自然语言编码有关可解释的多跳推断的明确和可控制的假设。但是，ILP公式是不可差异的，不能集成到更广泛的深度学习体系结构中。最近，Thayaparan等人。 （2021a）提出了一种新的方法，将ILP与变压器整合在一起，以实现复杂多跳推断的端到端的可不同性。尽管已证明该混合动力框架可以提供更好的答案和解释选择，而不是基于变压器和现有的ILP求解器，但神经符号的整合仍然依赖于ILP配方的凸松弛，这可以产生亚最佳溶液。为了改善这些局限性，我们提出了DIFF-BOMP解释器，这是一种基于可区分的黑框组合求解器（DBCS）的新型神经符号结构（Pogan \ V {C} I \'C等，2019）。与现有的可区分求解器不同，提出的模型不需要对明确的语义约束的转换和放松，从而可以直接，更有效地整合ILP公式。 DIFF-COMBLEXER证明了与非差异性求解器，变压器和现有的基于可区分约束的多跳推理框架相比的准确性和解释性的提高。

已经提出了需要树木，以模拟在开放域的文本问题答案的背景下进行解释产生的人类推理过程。但是，实际上，手动构建这些解释树是一个艰苦的过程，需要积极的人类参与。鉴于捕获从问题到答案的推理线的复杂性，或者从索赔中捕获了前提，因此出现了如何帮助用户有效地构建多个级别的树木，并给定大量可用事实。在本文中，我们将需要树的构造作为一系列主动的前提选择步骤，即，对于说明树中的每个中间节点，专家需要注释大型候选人列表中的前提事实的正面和负面示例。然后，我们迭代地进行精细 - 训练前训练的变压器模型，并产生了正面和紧密控制的负面样本，并旨在平衡语义关系和解释性的关系关系的编码。实验评估证实了拟议的主动精细研究方法的可测量效率提高，以促进累积树的构建：与几种替代方案相比，解释性前提选择的提高了20 \％。